The Complete Guide to Cannabinoids

Understanding the compounds that make cannabis and hemp unique

Cannabinoids are the chemical compounds found in cannabis and hemp that interact with our body's endocannabinoid system. From the well-known THC and CBD to lesser-known compounds like CBG and CBN, these natural molecules offer a range of reported effects and potential benefits—presented here for your educational insight.

Explore Cannabinoids By Category

THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)

C
C
C
O

The primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, responsible for the "high." THC binds with CB1 receptors in the brain.

Psychoactive Reported Pain Relief Appetite Stimulant Reported Anti-Inflammatory May Reduce Nausea (User Reports)

CBD (Cannabidiol)

C
C
O
O

The most abundant non-psychoactive cannabinoid, known for its widespread use in wellness contexts.

Non-Psychoactive Reported Anxiety Support Reported Anti-Inflammatory User-Reported Pain Relief Neuroprotective

CBG (Cannabigerol)

C
C
O

Often regarded as the precursor cannabinoid. CBG is present in higher amounts in young cannabis plants.

Non-Psychoactive Reported Anti-Inflammatory Antibacterial Neuroprotective May Support Eye Health

CBN (Cannabinol)

C
C
O
C

Formed as THC degrades over time, CBN is mildly psychoactive and is commonly reported for its sleep-supporting effects.

Mildly Psychoactive Reported Sleep Support User-Reported Pain Relief Antibacterial Appetite Stimulant

CBC (Cannabichromene)

C
C
C
O

CBC is non-psychoactive and is noted for its reported anti-inflammatory and mood-supporting effects, among other properties.

Non-Psychoactive Reported Anti-Inflammatory User-Reported Pain Relief Reported Mood Support Promotes Brain Health

THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)

THCV is structurally similar to THC but exhibits different properties. At lower doses, it is non-psychoactive and is reported to have appetite-suppressing effects, among other observations.

Psychoactive at High Doses Reported Appetite Suppressant May Influence Metabolic Markers User-Reported Effects

CBDV (Cannabidivarin)

CBDV is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid similar to CBD. Research is still emerging, with early studies exploring its potential effects on neurological functions.

Non-Psychoactive Reported Anticonvulsant User-Reported Anti-Nausea Potential Neurological Benefits

Delta-8 THC

Delta-8 THC is an isomer of Delta-9 THC and is noted for its milder psychoactive effects. Users often report a clearer-headed experience with fewer side effects.

Mildly Psychoactive Reported Anxiety Support User-Reported Pain Relief Appetite Stimulant

Cannabinoid Biosynthesis Pathway

Cannabinoid Formation in Cannabis Plants CBGA Cannabigerolic Acid THCA Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid CBDA Cannabidiolic Acid CBCA Cannabichromenic Acid THC Tetrahydrocannabinol CBD Cannabidiol CBC Cannabichromene Heat/Aging CBN Cannabinol Precursor Acid Forms Active Cannabinoids Degradation Products

This diagram illustrates the cannabinoid biosynthesis pathway in cannabis plants. All major cannabinoids begin as CBGA (cannabigerolic acid), which is then converted into various acid forms (THCA, CBDA, CBCA) by plant enzymes. With heat, these acids decarboxylate to form the active compounds (THC, CBD, CBC), and over time, THC can degrade into CBN.

The Science Behind Cannabinoids: Research Milestones

1940s

Isolation of Cannabinoids

CBD was first isolated from cannabis in 1940, with THC following in its pure form in 1964 by Dr. Raphael Mechoulam.

1988-1993

Discovery of the Endocannabinoid System

The identification of CB1 and CB2 receptors led to the understanding that humans have an entire physiological system dedicated to processing cannabinoids.

2000s-Present

Exploration of Minor Cannabinoids

Advances in technology have allowed researchers to isolate and study minor cannabinoids like CBG, CBC, and THCV, revealing their unique properties.

2018

Hemp Legalization

The 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp-derived products containing less than 0.3% THC in the US, spurring extensive research and product innovation.

Frequently Asked Questions About Cannabinoids

What's the difference between THC and CBD?

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THC is psychoactive and produces a "high" by strongly binding to CB1 receptors in the brain, while CBD is non-psychoactive and interacts with the endocannabinoid system in a more subtle way. Both are naturally occurring compounds in cannabis with distinct profiles.

Are all cannabinoids legal?

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Legality depends on the source and location. Hemp-derived cannabinoids (with less than 0.3% THC) are federally legal in the US, while marijuana-derived cannabinoids are subject to state regulations.

What are the commonly reported effects of CBD?

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User reports often mention feelings of relaxation, a sense of calm, and support for general wellness. However, individual experiences vary.

How do I know if a cannabinoid product is high quality?

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Look for products with third-party lab testing (COA), clear labeling of cannabinoid content, and information on the source of the hemp or cannabis used.

What is the entourage effect?

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The entourage effect refers to the synergistic interaction between cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds in cannabis that can enhance their overall impact. This concept supports the idea of using full-spectrum products for a more holistic experience.

Explore High-Quality Cannabinoid Products

Discover our premium selection of cannabinoid products, crafted with care and rigorously tested for quality and purity.

Visit Glamorous Hemp

Understanding Cannabinoid Testing and Labels

When choosing a cannabinoid product, look for a Certificate of Analysis (COA) that confirms the product's cannabinoid profile, potency, and purity. Key terms to know include:

Full-Spectrum

Contains all naturally occurring compounds, including trace THC.

Broad-Spectrum

Contains multiple cannabinoids but no THC.

Isolate

Pure CBD or another isolated cannabinoid.

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