What is CBG (Cannabigerol)?
Cannabigerol (CBG) is often referred to as the "mother cannabinoid" or "stem cell cannabinoid" because all other cannabinoids begin as CBGA (Cannabigerolic acid) in the cannabis plant. As the plant matures, natural enzymes convert CBGA into the precursor compounds for THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids.
Unlike THC, CBG is non-intoxicating, meaning it doesn't produce the "high" associated with cannabis use. This makes CBG particularly interesting for those seeking potential wellness benefits without psychoactive effects.
"CBG represents one of the most promising cannabinoids currently being studied for its unique properties and interaction with the human endocannabinoid system."
— Dr. Ethan Russo, Neurologist and Cannabinoid Researcher
CBG is found in smaller quantities in mature cannabis plants compared to CBD or THC—typically less than 1% by weight. This relative scarcity has historically made CBG products more expensive to produce, though advances in cultivation and breeding have begun to yield CBG-rich hemp strains.
Potential Benefits of CBG
Important Note: The following information is based on preliminary research and should not be considered medical advice. CBG products are not FDA-approved to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.
Research into CBG is still in its early stages, but preliminary studies and anecdotal evidence suggest several areas where it may offer potential benefits:
Inflammation Response
Preliminary research suggests CBG may help support a healthy inflammatory response. A 2013 animal study published in the journal Biochemical Pharmacology examined these properties.
Digestive Support
Some research indicates CBG may support digestive health by interacting with specific receptors in the digestive system. A 2013 study in Experimental Pharmacology explored these potential effects.
Neuroprotective Properties
Researchers are investigating CBG's potential neuroprotective properties. A 2015 study examined CBG's interaction with brain cells in laboratory settings.
Appetite Support
Unlike THC which is known to increase appetite, CBG may offer more balanced appetite support. A 2016 study in Psychopharmacology explored these effects in animal models.
Skin Health
CBG may have properties that support skin health when used in topical applications. Its potential balancing effect on sebum production makes it interesting for skincare researchers.
Mood Support
Preliminary research suggests CBG may influence serotonin levels, potentially supporting mood regulation. This makes it an area of interest for wellness researchers.
CBG vs. CBD: Key Differences
While CBG and CBD share many similarities as non-intoxicating cannabinoids, they also have distinct differences in how they interact with the body's endocannabinoid system:
| Feature | CBG | CBD |
|---|---|---|
| Receptor Binding | Directly binds to CB1 and CB2 receptors | Indirectly affects receptors through enzymatic inhibition |
| Plant Concentration | Lower (typically <1% in mature plants) | Higher (can be 20%+ in CBD-rich strains) |
| Research Status | Emerging, fewer clinical studies | More established, numerous clinical trials |
| Product Availability | Growing but limited | Widely available |
| Price Point | Generally higher due to scarcity | More affordable due to availability |
Many users report that while CBD promotes a sense of relaxation, CBG may provide a clearer sense of focus alongside potential wellness benefits. The two cannabinoids may work synergistically together through what researchers call the "entourage effect."
CBG vs. THC: Non-Intoxicating Alternative
The most significant difference between CBG and THC is that CBG does not produce the psychoactive "high" associated with THC consumption. This makes CBG an attractive option for those who want to explore cannabinoid benefits without intoxication.
THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)
- Strongly binds to CB1 receptors in the brain
- Produces psychoactive effects
- Subject to stricter legal restrictions
- Potential for side effects like anxiety in some users
CBG (Cannabigerol)
- Non-intoxicating interaction with receptors
- No psychoactive "high"
- Legal when derived from hemp (<0.3% THC)
- Generally well-tolerated with minimal reported side effects
While THC has well-documented effects on appetite stimulation, pain perception, and sleep, CBG is being studied for overlapping but distinct potential benefits, particularly in areas related to inflammatory response and neuroprotection.
How CBG Works with Your Body
To understand how CBG works, it's helpful to know about the endocannabinoid system (ECS)—a complex cell-signaling system identified in the early 1990s that plays a role in regulating a range of functions and processes including sleep, mood, appetite, memory, and immune response.
- Sleep
- Mood
- Appetite
- Memory
- Reproduction and fertility
- Temperature regulation
- Immune response
The ECS consists of three core components:
- Endocannabinoids: Molecules made by your body that are similar to cannabinoids but produced internally
- Receptors: Found throughout your body, endocannabinoids bind to them to signal the ECS needs to take action
- Enzymes: Break down endocannabinoids once they've carried out their function
CBG interacts with the endocannabinoid system in a unique way—it binds directly to both CB1 receptors (primarily found in the central nervous system) and CB2 receptors (primarily found in the peripheral nervous system, digestive system, and immune cells). This direct interaction differs from how CBD works and may account for some of the distinct effects users report.
Beyond cannabinoid receptors, research indicates CBG may also interact with:
- Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (involved in pain and inflammation responses)
- 5-HT1A serotonin receptors (important for mood regulation)
- TRPV1 and TRPV2 receptors (involved in pain perception and inflammation)
- PPARγ receptors (related to metabolism and energy homeostasis)
This multi-target action may explain the wide range of potential benefits currently being explored in CBG research.
Current CBG Research & Studies
CBG research is still in its early stages compared to CBD and THC, but interest is growing rapidly in the scientific community. Here are some key areas of current research:
Inflammatory Response
Italian researchers published a study in the journal Biochemical Pharmacology examining CBG's effects on inflammatory markers in experimental models.
View StudyNeuroprotective Properties
Researchers at the University of Reading (UK) examined CBG's potential neuroprotective properties in cell models, publishing findings in the journal Neurotherapeutics.
View StudyAppetite Regulation
A study published in Psychopharmacology examined CBG's effects on feeding behavior in rats, finding it increased food intake without causing intoxication.
View StudyAntibacterial Properties
McMaster University researchers examined CBG's potential antibacterial properties against certain bacterial strains in laboratory settings.
View StudyOngoing Clinical Investigations
Multiple research institutions are currently conducting preclinical and early clinical investigations into CBG's potential applications, with more human studies expected in coming years.
Note: Most current CBG research is preclinical (laboratory or animal studies) rather than human clinical trials. While these early results are promising, more clinical research is needed to fully understand CBG's effects and potential applications for human health and wellness.
Types of CBG Products
As interest in CBG grows, so does the variety of products available to consumers. Here are the most common types of CBG products currently on the market:
CBG Oils & Tinctures
Liquid extracts taken orally, typically held under the tongue for 30-60 seconds before swallowing. Available in various concentrations and often combined with CBD.
CBG Capsules & Softgels
Pre-measured doses in convenient pill form, ideal for those who prefer consistent dosing without the hempy taste of oils.
CBG Topicals
Creams, balms, and lotions infused with CBG, designed to be applied directly to the skin for localized effect rather than systemic absorption.
CBG-Rich Hemp Flower
Raw hemp flower from strains bred to produce high amounts of CBG. Can be used in dry herb vaporizers or for making homemade extracts.
CBG Edibles
Food products infused with CBG extract, such as gummies, chocolates, and beverages. Offer a tasty and discreet consumption method.
Product Quality Factors
When shopping for CBG products, consider these quality indicators:
- Third-Party Testing: Look for products with certificates of analysis (COAs) from independent laboratories.
- Extraction Method: CO₂ and ethanol extractions generally produce cleaner products than hydrocarbon methods.
- Hemp Source: Products made from organically grown hemp typically contain fewer pesticides and contaminants.
- CBG Concentration: Check the milligrams of CBG per serving to understand potency.
- Additional Ingredients: Be aware of carrier oils, flavorings, and other additives that may affect quality or experience.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is CBG and how does it differ from CBD?
CBG is a naturally occurring cannabinoid in hemp that acts as a precursor to other cannabinoids including CBD and THC. Its unique properties offer a distinct approach to natural wellness.
How does CBG differ from CBD?
While both CBG and CBD are non-intoxicating, they interact with the endocannabinoid system differently. CBG directly binds to CB1 and CB2 receptors, whereas CBD modulates receptor activity indirectly.
Is CBG legal?
Hemp-derived CBG containing less than 0.3% THC is federally legal under the 2018 Farm Bill. However, state regulations may vary, so always check your local laws.
What types of CBG products are available?
CBG is available in various forms including oils, capsules, topicals, edibles, and hemp flower. Each offers different onset times and durations of effect.